Tunisia sacked manager Henryk Kasperczak after a poor start during their 1998 World Cup campaign, when the side failed to win either of their first two matches.
Cha Bum-kun was dismissed by South Korea during the same tournament after defeats in their first two matches, while Julen Lopetegui was sacked by Spain two days before the start of the 2018 World Cup after agreeing to become Real Madrid manager.
But this is the first time a manager has lost his job after just one World Cup match and it brings to an end Lamouchi's five-month stint in charge of Tunisia.
The former Nottingham Forest boss was only appointed in January, replacing Sami Trabelsi who left his role following a last-16 defeat by Mali at the Africa Cup of Nations.
Speaking after the defeat by Sweden, Lamouchi said the loss was "painful".
"Starting the competition with this bad of a loss is indeed difficult," Lamouchi said.
"We made too many mistakes, and this is not something that we can do. We are shooting ourselves in the foot, we are hurting ourselves."
Lamouchi won just one of his five games as Tunisia head coach - a 1-0 victory over Haiti in his first game in charge.
In their two warm-up games for the World Cup earlier this month, they lost 1-0 to Austria before suffering a 5-0 thrashing by Belgium.
Tunisia face Japan and Netherlands in their remaining Group F fixtures.
