Residents describe new security checkpoints around the capital, where they say people are stopped and searched.
4 hours ago
Ghoncheh HabibiazadSenior reporter, BBC Persian
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Iran is taking steps to prevent anti-establishment protests, with checkpoints appearing across the streets of the capital, internet access restricted, and mass text warnings sent to residents.
In Tehran, people have been telling the BBC about new security checkpoints around the city, where they say residents are stopped and searched.
They have told BBC Persian that some checkpoints are positioned under footbridges and inside road tunnels, after reports that several checkpoints in the middle of roads had been targeted by drone strikes.
A number of Iranian security personnel were killed in Israeli strikes on four checkpoints across Tehran, the hardline Fars News Agency reported on 11 March.
Fars said unofficial counts indicated that around 10 members of the security forces were killed in strikes in four districts of the capital.
Speaking to the BBC, a man in his twenties explained his strategy for getting through a checkpoint, where he said he was once stopped and his car was searched.
"I started saying things like, 'Thanks for your hard work,' as if they were genuinely putting in a lot of effort and I appreciated it," he said.
Security forces let him go after the search.
"I always wear colourful clothes. But now I don't," said a woman, also in her twenties. "I'm scared of their patrols, worried that if I wear something too bright it might annoy them."
Another man, also in his twenties, sells secure internet connections to some people, allowing them to bypass the government-imposed nationwide blackout.
It is still very difficult to contact those inside Iran during the internet outage that has been in place since the start of the war, but tech-savvy residents have been using SpaceX's Starlink devices and sharing their connection with others.
Restricting internet access not only restricts communication with the outside world, but also limits protesters' ability to mobilise, plan and communicate among each other. Encrypted messaging apps and platforms often function as tools for organising rallies, sharing protest locations, and circulating calls to action.
When these platforms are unavailable, coordination becomes far more difficult.
The man selling internet connections tells the BBC of his fear when a taxi he was travelling in passed through a checkpoint in a tunnel in Tehran.
"What I do as a job is considered a crime in the Islamic Republic," he explains. "I was really worried, because I had my laptop and phone with me."
"Luckily, they didn't search the taxi," he says.
Iranian police have arrested a person in southern Fars Province over allegedly setting up a network to sell "unfiltered" internet via Starlink, according to a report by semi-official Mehr News Agency on 12 March.
Deputy Commander of the Fars Province Police has said that a 37-year-old man who had "set up a network across several provinces of the country to sell unfiltered internet via Starlink has been arrested" and added that a "Starlink device and related equipment were discovered at the suspect's hideout".
Using Starlink in Iran carries a punishment of up to two years in prison and authorities have reportedly been searching for Starlink dishes to stop people from connecting to the internet.
Government spokesperson Fatemeh Mohajerani said on 10 March that the authorities were working to restore internet access "for those who can broadcast the country's voice to the world".
For now, rates for internet access being sold on the Telegram messaging app seen by the BBC are around $6 (£4.50) for 1 gigabytes of data - a high price in a country where the average monthly salary is estimated to be between $200 to $300 (£151-226).
Although Iranian domestic apps remain available, some of those the BBC spoke to fear that they may not be as secure as encrypted platforms for organising protests.
During an interview with the BBC's US partner CBS on 15 March, Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi was asked why he able to speak via Zoom while his fellow countrymen are not allowed to access the internet.
"That's because I am the voice of all Iranians. I defend their rights," he replied.
In addition to officials, a number of journalists inside the country have access to so-called "white SIM cards", which provide them with unrestricted internet supplied by the authorities.
Some residents of the capital told BBC Persian that since the beginning of the war, at night they hear chants and songs supporting the establishment on loudspeakers, while supporters carrying the Islamic Republic's flag move through the streets.
BBC Persian is the Persian language service of BBC News, used by 24 million people around the world - the majority in Iran - despite being blocked and routinely jammed by Iranian authorities.
So far, there have been no signs of the mass anti-establishment protests similar to those seen in January. The US-based Human Rights Activists News Agency (Hrana) said it had confirmed the killing of at least 7,000 civilians during January's protests.
Since the conflict began on 28 February, the authorities have organised pro‑establishment rallies and urged supporters to take to the streets to prevent what they describe as attempts to destabilise the country from within.
BBC Persian has seen a text message sent by the Intelligence Unit of the Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps (IRGC) on 13 March warning against any upcoming protests.
"The evil enemy… is once again seeking to create fear and chaos in the streets. A blow harder than January 8 is awaiting the neo-ISIS [Islamic State]."
The most deadly nights of the huge anti-establishment protests in Iran saw two deadly nights on 8 and 9 January.
Police Chief Brig Gen Ahmad Reza Radan said on 10 March that anyone attempting to "take action in the cities at the behest of the enemy" would no longer be treated as a protester but as an "enemy".
On 8 March, Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu issued a direct message to the Iranian people urging them to stand up against the establishment.
But on 12 March during his first press conference since the war, he said that he could not "say with certainty that the Iranian people will bring down the regime".
Additional reporting by Behrang Tajdin, BBC Persian
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