Why It Matters for Ukraine to Support Syria in Building a Mine Action System

Ukraine has accrued enormous experience in clearing mines. It can help other war-torn countries, like Syria, return to the normality Ukrainians also dream of.

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Why It Matters for Ukraine to Support Syria in Building a Mine Action System

At the end of February, I visited Syria as part of a delegation from the Ministry of Economy, Environment and Agriculture of Ukraine. We are working on strengthening Ukraine’s engagement with the region, and this trip was an opportunity to continue the dialogue that began in the autumn, when Syria’s Minister of Emergency Situations and Disaster Management, Raed al-Saleh, and the Minister of Agriculture and Agrarian Reform, Amjad Badr, took part in the international food security conference Food from Ukraine.

For Ukraine, the countries of the Middle East are an important and promising direction of cooperation – not only because they offer opportunities to strengthen our presence in the region and expand trade and economic relations. It is also a chance to play an important role in restoring safety in Syria through mine action. Damascus is only beginning to build its humanitarian demining system, and this is an area where Ukraine has significant expertise and is ready to share it.

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When we were planning the trip, I generally understood what a country devastated by war for decades might look like: mass bombings, the use of chemical weapons. Yet when you arrive in the suburbs of Damascus, where about 90 percent of the area has been wiped off the map, it is still a very painful sight. But the risks these ruins pose to civilians are even greater: unexploded ordnance, mines and cluster munitions continue to take lives even after hostilities end. In total, more than 2,000 incidents involving explosive hazards were recorded in Syria over the past year. Around 60 percent of them occur in agricultural fields. For comparison, in Ukraine, more than 1,000 such incidents have been recorded since the beginning of the full-scale invasion.

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The challenges facing Syria’s new leadership in clearing territories from the remnants of war are enormous. This is well understood by Raed al-Saleh. Before taking his official government position, he led the White Helmets – a volunteer organization whose members provided medical assistance, cleared the rubble of bombed buildings to rescue people, and helped evacuate civilians. Raed knows the horrors of war firsthand, as well as the fact that bombs were dropped on refugee camps not only by Assad’s forces but also by the Russian military.

International standards and practices in mine action are important. But we must also understand that rules are written based on experience gained in the field.

In Ukraine, we know what it means to face unprecedented challenges and to search for solutions. We also went through a phase when partners came to us and said: “We know what needs to be done.” But then theory and international experience were adapted to the real situation in the fields. Based on this practical experience, we developed the National Mine Action Strategy, built a humanitarian demining market, and launched a state compensation program for clearing agricultural land. Ukraine has gained unique expertise in mine action – by making mistakes, improving existing practices, and testing new approaches. Today we are ready to share this experience with other countries facing similar challenges.

Syria today is at a point similar to where Ukraine was during the first year of the full-scale invasion: there are areas where active hostilities have stopped, but the threat to people from explosive hazards remains extremely high. International partners are already working with representatives of the Syrian authorities and proposing their vision of a mine action system for the country. Ukraine is ready to become a partner in this process and share both what worked for us and what had to be adjusted during implementation.

When Raed asked for my view on building a mine action system, I advised against multiplying institutions responsible for humanitarian demining. The most effective model is when there is one authority responsible for policy development and another body responsible for implementation. International standards and practices in mine action are important. But we must also understand that rules are written based on experience gained in the field. Blindly following a standard simply because it was written by experts who have worked in demining for decades is not always the right approach. Technologies change, methods evolve, and the relevant policies and documents must evolve as well.

One thing that stands out in Syria is the number of young people who have returned to rebuild the country. Many of them have received Western education, possess tremendous enthusiasm, and are eager to learn. Ukraine, which can share its knowledge, can become a reliable partner for these people.

And this brings us to the answer to a simple question: why does this matter for us? Syria today is like a sponge absorbing resources and knowledge. The country is so heavily destroyed that it does not ask where its bread will come from or who will clear its land. Therefore, when Ukraine shares its experience in humanitarian demining, it achieves two important goals at once: it strengthens its expertise in the sector and expands its presence in the region.

The views expressed in this opinion article are the author’s and not necessarily those of Kyiv Post.

Ihor Bezkaravainyi

Ihor Bezkaravainyi is Deputy Minister of Economy, Environment and Agriculture of Ukraine.

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